Which of the following is a sign of probable respiratory failure?

Very rapid or very slow respiratory rates indicate a potential deterioration in respiratory function, which signifies respiratory failure. In pediatric patients, normal respiratory rates vary with age, but significant deviations—either an increase or decrease—can point to the body's inability to effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. When a child exhibits either extreme, it suggests that the respiratory system is under stress and may not be functioning adequately, leading to concerns about overall oxygenation and ventilation.

This is critical to recognize because respiratory failure can escalate rapidly, necessitating immediate assessment and intervention to prevent further complications. The recognition of abnormal respiratory rates serves as a prompt for healthcare providers to engage in further evaluation, such as monitoring for other signs of respiratory distress, assessing oxygen saturation, and considering the need for therapeutic interventions.