What are the two primary pathways to cardiac arrest?

The two primary pathways to cardiac arrest are typically conceptualized as asphyxial and sudden cardiac arrest. Asphyxial cardiac arrest occurs when there is inadequate oxygenation due to factors such as severe respiratory distress or obstruction, leading to a failure of oxygen to reach the lungs and bloodstream. This can happen in situations like choking or drowning, where oxygen supply is critically compromised.

On the other hand, sudden cardiac arrest is usually a result of electrical disturbances in the heart, such as arrhythmias, which can happen due to various cardiac conditions like congenital heart disease, myocarditis, or cardiomyopathy. The heart stops effectively pumping blood, leading to immediate loss of circulation.

Understanding these pathways is crucial for recognizing the mechanisms that lead to cardiac arrest so that appropriate interventions can be initiated during resuscitation efforts.