What are the five components of the primary assessment?

The five components of the primary assessment in the Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) framework are critical for quickly determining the severity of a child's condition and identifying immediate threats to life. These components—Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure—are systematically evaluated to provide a thorough understanding of the child's status.

Airway assessment involves ensuring that the airway is clear and unobstructed, as any blockage could compromise oxygenation and overall health. Breathing assessment focuses on the effectiveness and adequacy of respiration; irregularities can indicate distress or failure in the respiratory system. Circulation assesses the effectiveness of the heart and blood flow, ensuring that vital organs are receiving adequate perfusion. The Disability component addresses the neurological status, identifying potential issues in consciousness and cognitive function. Finally, Exposure evaluates the child's environment and physical health, including looking for injuries or conditions that may need immediate intervention.

The other choices do not capture the complete and systematic approach needed in a primary assessment, leaving out essential components or altering terminology that is not aligned with standard PALS guidelines. Understanding these five elements enables healthcare providers to provide timely and effective care in emergency situations.